The Role of Advertising in Business Essay -- Role of Market Communicat

1.INTRODUCTION2. writings REVIEW3.RESEARCH OBJECTIVE4.SOURCES OF DATA5.RESEARCH DESIGN6.CONCLUSIONS7.BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.INTRODUCTIONAdvertising in chore is a type of marketing communication employ to encourage, persuade, or manipulate a customer to take or continue to take some action. The craved result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial offering.The primary role of advertising is to inform potential customers of the products and serve in the market and prevail on _or_ upon them to make a purchase. Through advertisements customers are informed of bleak products, their role, their benefit and the prices at which they are being made available to the customer. It is a technique used to influence peoples minds and encourage more sales. The main purpose of advertising is to deliver the proper message to customers and prospective customers. The purpose of advertising is to convince customers that a companys services or products are the best, to enhance the image of the company, point out and create a need for their products or services, demonstrate new uses for the established ones, announce new products and programs, reinforce the individual messages of the sales people, draw customers to the business, and to hold existing customers.Advertising lies in the Promotion part of Marketing Mix, but it applies to all the other Ps as well. Promoting ones business is the key ingredient to making ones business successful. Promotion, along with a great product, key placement, and a commonsensible price, will help a marketer work his way to the top. Promoting does not mean leaving his advertising up to the word of mouth of his current customer. 2.LITERATURE REVIEW1.Brand Equity & ... ...n their advertising strategies as on their products and servicesConsumers attitude towards advertisements varies greatlyAdvertising is considered necessary for growth and success of big companies these geezerhoodA product that is not advertised is lost on the customer .Advertising is the backbone of todays sales industry.7.BIBLIOGRAPHYDA Aaker, AL Biel- 1993- books.google.comT Meenaghan - ledger of Product & Brand Management, 1995 - emeraldinsight.comFM Scherer, D Ross - University of IllinoisWF Mueller, RT Rogers - The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1980 JSTORM Sutherland, J Galloway - Journal of Advertising Research, 1981 - sutherlandsurvey.comVA Zeithaml, MJ Bitner - 1996 - lavoisier.frbusiness-finance.blurtit.comsmallbusiness.chron.com Advertising & Marketing Advertisingwww.advertising.nsw.gov.au

Generational Differences: The Use Of the Internet Essay -- Technology

Generational Differences The Use Of the net income Everyone is doing it surfing the net. Every generation nowadays is employ the Internet for some reason or a nonher. Kids, sometimes for play students for school work and adults in the workforce are using the net for business cerebrate topics or to plan their next vacation seniors are using it to keep in touch with their grandchildren. If you arent using the net, then you are obviously not in tune with the Real World. There have been my in depth studies dealing with generational use of the Internet. Who is wired and who is not. The gender gap. Who, how and why a somebody is using the Internet. Before I get into my own observations, I would like to introduce some observations that certified people in the field have do Kids Children start to use the computer and surf the net just as fast as they can walk or talk. At first, they just destiny to play games, but then they find the amazing tool of surfing the net to find better games, more interesting games and for study. Children are being support to use the Internet by their teachers. Small research projects are being assigned by their teachers to see if their students know how to use the information on the Internet for school related purposes. Chat rooms have also become popular among children. Disney.com has a chat room for youngsters to partake in and talk about(predicate) their favorite characters, movies, etc. Of course, children do not have the choice of their income - but this is a major concern among the digital divide. One of the most common digital divide findings is of course the use of computers in schools. A nationwide survey was taken and the results follow teachers suggest that, as of 1998, m... ...y study has been very bizarre. I recall everything went as planned, besides the one circumstance with the senior citizen. WORKS CITED Becker, Henry Jay. Whos Wired and Whos Not Childrens Access to and Use of calculating machine Technology. Futur e of Children. 2000, 10, 2, fall, winter 44-75 Ervin, Linda A., Kelly S. Gardner, Philip D. Schmitt. Gender and the Internet Women Communicating and Men Searching. Sex Roles 44. No. 5/6. (March 2001) pp. 363-379. The Internet Study More Detail. February 2003. 25 Feb 2003. http//www.standford.edu/group/siqss/Press_Release/press_detail.htm raised(a) On The Net The Effects of Computerization on the Next Generation. May 1999 23 February 2003. http//www.units.muohio/psybersite/cyberspace/n-gen/criticism.shtml Saunders, Gertrude. Wired Woman. Womans Day. March 4, 2003. p. 65

Global Warming: Are Humans to Blame? Essay -- Climate Change, Greenhou

Global Warming Are Humans to Blame? An English study with a minor in Meteorology, I have a huge passion in learning about the weather. I love doing research on all aspects of the weather, but one topic has remained controversial for years and that is the cause of global warming. I decided to do some research on the subject area in hopes of coming up with some type of conclusion based on the facts that I am able to find. The question always arises as to whether military man are to unsaved for our current global warming. Do humans in fact pose a threat to the global warming crisis and are they to blame for the slow increase in temperature of the earths air? Before one can begin to argue the facts whether or not humans have an influence in the condition of our atmosphere, one must first learn exactly what global warming is. To begin a discussion about what global warming entails, I must first explain the greenhouse effect. When solar radiation enters the earths atmosphere some of the energy is absorbed by the earth, while the consist is refracted back into space. During this process, when radiation emits from the surface back into the atmosphere, greenhouse gases such as water vapor, Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and Methane trap some of the radiating heat in our atmosphere and cause the surface of the earth to warm up. This is a natural process that has occurred on earth even before the existence of humans, and still naturally occurs today. Moreover, clouds, or large masses of water vapor, are natural absorbers and refractors of energy. Although they reflect more solar energy than they absorb, they still help to maintain a warm and adequate planet for all living kind, thus clouds play a big part in the warmin... ...on the facts presented, it is up to you to decide which theory you believe in. BibliographyBurroughs, William J. et al. The Nature familiarity Guides Weather. Sydney, San Francisco Time-life Custom Publishing, 1996.( 1997, October 31). Common Sense About Global Warming Editorial The TorontoGlobe and Mail 10. Canadas National rude(a)spaper The Globe and Mail.Available athttp//www.carleton.ca/tpatters/teaching/climatechange/ewarming.html(2001). Global Warming frequently asked questions. National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration (NOAA). Available athttp//lwf.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalwarming.htmlLyons, Walter A. The Handy Weather Answer Book. New York, New York AccordPublishing Ltd., 1997.National assessment on climate change 12. Hot Planet. Available athttp//www.weather.com/newscenter.specialreports/hotplanet/

abortion :: essays research papers

     Im late for my period. Ive never had sex willingly. Oh God I hope it wasnt from that night. How can I live with myself or tell some one my secret. No one will believe me, it was my own boyfriend. Its my fault anyway, I shouldve wanted to have sex, he told me we were going to enchant married. Where is he now? He said hell love me forever, I need him by my side. I think Im going to take the test. I cant be gravid How can I explain to the child that I dont want it. I have major plans desire college and meeting my Prince Charming. I dont want to have a kid, especially since its face is going to remind me of the worst night of my life. I cant be pregnant Im only 18 years old. I have college to go to next year, Im not even with Bill anymore.     "NO STOP PLEASE STOP" I cried as this "man" took me into his world, one in which I retire I didnt belong.     "ATLEAST PUT A CONDOM ON WHO ARE YOU? WHY ARE YO U DOING THIS TO ME? PLEASE STOP" I kept crying and he was in such rage and had such determination that I would succomb to his ways and enjoy the most horrible experience of my life.     So, Im going to take a pregnancy test. I pray Im not pregnent. I cant imagine telling anyone. They have it off I dont believe in premarital sex. I still consider myself a virgin. Ive never told anyone about that night, so if I just end up pregnant, who is going to believe me? I hope my mom stays by myside, I know she is going to be outraged. I hope Bill will put it his two cents in, should I even tell him? Abortions are legal in my state. It seems like a reasonable thing to do. I dont want to kill my baby or throw him away in the dumpster. I would put it up for adoption, alone every morning and night for the next nine months I am going to relive that horrible night. Roe v. Wade was based on this case. In 1973, The state of Texas had outlawed abortions. The Supreme Court decl ared the law unconstitutional, but refused to order an injuction againts the state. On January 22, 1973, The Supreme Court voted the right to privacy including abortions.

PCI Compliance Essay -- PCI DSS Credit Card Fraud Security

What is PCI Compliance?PCI Compliance is maintaining adherence to the PCI DSS standard that was developed by major denotation invoice companies as a guideline to help hold open credit card fraud (PCI DSS). Credit card fraud has taken the spotlight in the past several years due to the massive reaping of e-commerce and online transaction processing. With the proliferation of e-businesses, it has become easier than ever to commit fraud over the internet.Major credit card issuers such as MasterCard, Visa, American Express, Discover, and JCB International joined unneurotic to create a standard known as PCI DSS or Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. In order to process credit card payments merchants and vendors are required to be compliant with the standard based on the Merchant Level of the placement. This standard was created in response to a prominent rise in credit card data breaches at many high-profile organizations. This standard defines a set of twelve requirem ents for compliance. In order to validate a company is in compliance with the PCI Data Security Standard, large organizations are audited by external auditors that are PCI Qualified Security Assessors (QSAs). Smaller companies that process little than 80,000 transactions per year are allowed to perform a self-assessment questionnaire, which determines if the merchant is within compliance. Who owns the PCI Data Security Standard?In June of 2005, these five major credit card issues came together and founded the PCI Security Council. The main purpose of the PCI Security Council was to create, own, and manage the PCI Data Security Standard for credit card data. However, the PCI Security Council is not a policing organization and does not enforce PCI... ...g merchant account is PCI DSS compliant? Is sensitive information being stored? How safe is your data? Works CitedAn Introduction to PCI Compliance. PCIComplianceGuide.org. 2008. PCI Compliance Guide.org. 17 Apr 2008 .McCarthy, Caroline. T.J. Maxx put up company sued in credit card hack probe. CNET News. 21 Mar 2007. CNETNews.com. 17 Apr 2008 .PCI DSS. Wikipedia. 5 Apr 2008. Wikipedia. 5 Apr 2008 .Vijayan, Jaikumar. Minnesota becomes first state to make total PCI requirement a law. ComputerWorld.org. 23 May 2007. Computer World.org. 4 Apr 2008 .

PCI Compliance Essay -- PCI DSS Credit Card Fraud Security

What is PCI Compliance?PCI Compliance is maintaining adherence to the PCI DSS standard that was developed by major recognize placard companies as a guideline to help prevent credit card fraud (PCI DSS). Credit card fraud has taken the spotlight in the past several years due to the massive growth of e-commerce and online transaction processing. With the proliferation of e-businesses, it has become easier than ever to commit fraud over the internet.Major credit card issuers such as MasterCard, Visa, American Express, Discover, and JCB International joined together to create a standard known as PCI DSS or Payment Card application Data warranter precedent. In order to process credit card payments merchants and vendors are required to be compliant with the standard based on the merchandiser Level of the organization. This standard was created in response to a dramatic rise in credit card data breaches at many high-profile organizations. This standard defines a set of twelve requ irements for compliance. In order to validate a company is in compliance with the PCI Data Security Standard, large organizations are audited by outer auditors that are PCI Qualified Security Assessors (QSAs). Smaller companies that process less than 80,000 transactions per year are allowed to perform a self-assessment questionnaire, which determines if the merchant is within compliance. Who owns the PCI Data Security Standard?In June of 2005, these five major credit card issues came together and founded the PCI Security Council. The main purpose of the PCI Security Council was to create, own, and manage the PCI Data Security Standard for credit card data. However, the PCI Security Council is not a policing organization and does not enforce PCI... ...g merchant account is PCI DSS compliant? Is sensitive information being stored? How steady-going is your data? Works CitedAn Introduction to PCI Compliance. PCIComplianceGuide.org. 2008. PCI Compliance Guide.org. 17 Apr 2008 .M cCarthy, Caroline. T.J. Maxx parent company sued in credit card hack probe. CNET News. 21 Mar 2007. CNETNews.com. 17 Apr 2008 .PCI DSS. Wikipedia. 5 Apr 2008. Wikipedia. 5 Apr 2008 .Vijayan, Jaikumar. Minnesota becomes first state to make core PCI requirement a law. ComputerWorld.org. 23 May 2007. Computer World.org. 4 Apr 2008 .

Education. Why or Why not? Essay

Education, define as the art of systemic learning inspire any one of us, and educated human creations argon competent to possess the power of influence in sirenish discourses. If theres no input, then there will be no output, and believe it or not, fostering allows wad to be creative and innovative in developing our digital world. Generation after generation, the medium of providing training has improved in victimisation interactive technology such as digital projector, high-speed laboratory camera, multi-function writing board and etc.If we ass match extremely effective educators with bulky entrepreneurs, admits Joane Wesis, the author of The Innovation Mismatch Smart Capital and Education Innovation, and if we can direct smart capital toward these projects, the market for technological innovation might and spurt from infancy into adolescence. The author hold similar catch up withpoints that education behaves as an serious source of input for generating prosperous output that motivates to share the benefits of ones creativity to the community.Understanding the philosophy of becoming educated is crucial, and also beta to explore the concept that education drives us to interact with society by conclusion ways to earn for living. One might wisely dog the education for the benefits of mankind, provided for few some people misleading concept of getting educated, for suit in the case of nuclear scientists developing nuclear-powered weaponry will bring negative impact to our society, and thats why there are no limits to survey education and no limits on manifesting the application of education onto our society.On the other hand, formal education is highly necessary to decode the discourse in our academic community as well as be able to define their specific ideas. Thus, an educated person could award and/or tolerate the aspirations of human being by using the perceived knowledge, and determine their correct or incorrect benefits to the societ y.To become an elitist in the field of education depends on individual choices, but education will select people into groups of clusters where the professional will stays on top, while normal educated people will share the same mooring with majorities in the lower level. Nevertheless, education is vital because not only it supports individual down the stairsstanding in academic discourses, but also allows oneself to play an important authority to help improve the society. Some might argue that one could live sufficiently without burden in his life with a satisfactory income.This point of view shall fit to minorities who retard to pursue education, however in contrary to preceded viewpoint, Nicholas Lemann, the author of The New Yorker magazine, writes about The Cost Of College, and the following speech extracted from his article remarks, In like a shots economy , President Obama claims, Theres no greater predictor of individual success than a good education. Right now, the une mployment rate for Americans with a college degree or much is about half the national average. The incomes of folks with a college degree are twice as high as those who dont have a high-school diploma. (Nicholas Lemann). Not all people have certain interest of becoming graduates, and indeed they dont want to lay their time to study, either. Generally speaking, high school dropouts have more chances of becoming low socio-economic status, yet can be easily employed because their job requires no background education, but, in contrast, graduates earn multiple times more than high school dropouts, so it takes more time for them to get into work force since they are very costly for an employer. The downside of becoming educated is the fact that the price of paying to graduate is seriously inflated.Building a career with education is nevertheless highly necessary and due to the budget constraints it becomes more challenging to get on top of the education ladder. During the year 2009, The College Board in Princeton, NJ, has calculated the cost of pursue education that College education expenses have climbed over 5% annually during the past 10 years, more than double our nations inflation rate. That means a child born today could need over $220,000 to attend a four-year public college in 2028, more than triple todays college costs. (The College Board (2010)) As a matter of a fact, the educated parent knows and understands their responsibilities to provide education for their young generations. However, since they pertain the thought of raising their childrens intellectual skills, they are onerous to invest their capital, no matter what it takes them to graduate the hierarchy in society trigger parents to train their kids to understand the discourses that prevails among them. To clarify, see the community of lawyers and professional workers forexample, selective parents permit in wealth of knowledge will motive themselves to push their children to pursue formal ed ucation like they have done it before. Moreover, the perceived concept in education define the roles that people take in the society, which helps to provide society needs and wants such that, the more educated people a society has, the higher(prenominal) the standard of living. Elitism in education creates humiliation and dispute between dominant groups based on race, culture, intellectual, and gender.Very sadly, the demand of elite students in society can promote uncertain consequences, which in this case, promotes the unethical issue to expand market for institution. Danny Dorling, the author of The return to elitism in education, explains the behavior of education system that creates competition in institution for students and money. Danny Dorling mentions about grades and intellectual responsiveness on education such that People who have taught the children of the affluent classes at the universities they go to have seen the firmness of purpose of this growth in elitism.These children have been educationally force-fed enough facts to obtains strings of A grades, but they are no more geniuses than anyone else. There is a tragedy in making young people pretend to super-human mental abilities which neither they nor anyone else possess. To justify their situation they have to swallow and repeat the lie being told more and more often, that only a few are especially able and that those few are disproportionately found amongst the higher social classes. (Danny Dorling) When parents are not reward with their childs grades in academics, they will try to push their limits by giving close attention, and sometimes punishments are highly likely. Institutions, on the their hand, will rebuke the academic requirements for student admission in order to search for elite students which turns out to be a marketing strategy for competition, not exactly an violence for students education.Not to mention the fact that doing so (raising standards in admission) can easily mo tivates and challenges each and every student intellectual understanding in the course of education for improving not only the quality of academic discourse, but also benefits sophisticated level of education, perhaps. Education shapes the society, meaning educated people are gaining not only credible reputation towards a society but also participate to involve as major role-player, and for instance A kind-hearted lawyer would offer a pro bono service to his friends, and etc.Moreover, The number of crimes in a country with high-uneducated people is certainly, skyrocketing. The following data conducted by The disturb for Educational Equality claims, A one-year increase in average years of schooling for dropouts would reduce murder and assault by almost 30 percent motor vehicle theft by 20 percent, arson by 13 percent, and burglary and larceny by about 6 percent (2). Plus, the to a higher place data clearly distinguishes the chances of uneducated people doing bad things unconscious ly without being able to correct oneself. Educated girls and women are less vulnerable to HIV transmittal, an article from GlobalCitizenCorps says, human trafficking and other forms of exploitation, are more likely to marry later, raise fewer children who are more likely to go to school, and make important contributions to family income. Women nowadays are of course taking serious role in society because the freedom of people rights give the society fair and square chances to pursue education the academic discourse will influence and change their thoughts on lifestyle, completely.Besides, the market of human trafficking is recountingly large in South-East Asian countries, and scummy families are often allured with money incentives to sell their teenage children to work across other countries, which in reality are forced to do nasty jobs under extremely suffering condition. These sufferings from naive victims will provide a clear picture to motivate people in advocating for edu cation, so people needs education in order to maintain their positive personalities in the society.People in general belief that education fights to reduce sequestration and inequality in a society. This however, happens to be true for some instance, until the author of this article Segregation braggart(a) in Schools, Study Finds in the New York Time magazine, convincingly reports about segregation that Segregation of Latino students is most pronounced in California, New York and Texas. The most segregated cities for blacks include Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Philadelphia and Washington,Motoko Rich asserts, Mr. Orfield said that schools with mostly minority and poor students were likely to have fewer resources, less assertive parent groups and less experienced teacher. The author share his viewpoint that segregation exists, not because of education, but because of low-funds and resources in institution which tends to concentrate high amount of low socio-economic status s tudents, and this will cause racial indifferences between low and high income status.Meanwhile, similar to Motoko Rich viewpoint, Klaus Walde, what is more supports the idea about resource allocation in education that While it is difficult to define and measure the quality of education one reason for relative quality differences across education levels might lie in the allocation of educational resources (as teachers and equipment). (446) Now, the idea boils down to the fact that resources quality and allocation is more important in contributing better education system in our society.Broadly speaking, being educated in this modern world allows people to contribute their benefits to a society, by means of the intellectual support provided by the manner of learning experiences. Every country are relying on the technology and driving the market to relief pitcher manual workers with machines, so educated workers are important for operating those machines. Since starting from the era of industrial revolution, education was introduced to our society in order to acknowledge in understanding and defining their roles in the society.Therefore, the improvement in education overtime will also improve innovation in technology, which increases the quality of living standards. In fact, education is always needed for various sectors in our society, and will always require for having credibility in sharing the message within the society. Furthermore, education functions as a multi-purpose assistance for training not only intellectual skills, but also providing ways to survive in earning for a living in a society.More importantly, some critics would assume that there are some disadvantages in society such as segregation in education between income status, but the issue can be settle if every individuals successfully pursue education because the way the educated person conceive mature in every aspect of his life and society. Work Cited Dorling, D. (2010). The return to eliti sm in education. Eurozine . GLOBALCORPORATIONCORPS. (n. d. ). 11 Facts About Education Around the World. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from DoSomething. org http//www. dosomething. org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-education-around-world Lemann, N.(2012, May 28).The Cost Of College. (T. Bachtell, Ed. ) The New Yorker . RICH, M. (2012, September 19). Segregation Prominent in Schools, Study Finds. The NewYork Times , A16 . Walde, K. (1998). Egalitarian and elitist education systems as the basis for international differences in wage inequality. European Journal of Political Economy , Vol. 16 (2000 ), 445468. Weiss, J. (2011, March 31). HBR Blog Network / Innovations in Education. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from Harvard Business Review http//blogs. hbr. org/innovations-in-education/2011/03/the-innovation-mismatch-smart. html.

Lean Manufacturing

Introduction slight manufacturing is the fruit of goods through an approach which aims at reducing ravage material charm channeling them to useful activities. consort manufacturing snubes on using slight human and machinery effort, less manufacturing space and less time to produce and develop new products speckle producing less botch up material. The concept of pass manufacturing wayes on three major settings which include improvement of character of products and occupation time and withal cost reduction. new(prenominal) aspects of shift manufacturing confound been established which mark on improving the smoothness of work and in effect leading to waste reduction. Lean implementations main(prenominal) goal is to get the remedy things at the appropriate place, at the required time in the correct quantity so as to mint good products while reducing wastes. Lean techniques are implemented to make work easier to understand and to perform. (Field, W. M. 2001).The conc ept of lean production requires that the products produced must meet the customers unavoidably at the specific time by understand the activities required and optimizing them to complete the process from the customers view. The aim of lean manufacturing is to appropriate waste material in exclusively aspects of production which includes factory management, customer dealings and design in this concept, waste material is considered as anything that the customer is unwilling to pay for. Lean techniques are concepts knowing to reduce waste products and achieve an in force(p) production system.Lean techniques help industries to improve performers, productivity, reduce cost and improve the value of the company. A lean manufacturing system requires the use of correct resources and tools to attain the main goals of lean production. Lean techniques are designed in a product aligned manner where production is based on a wholeness piece proceed system in which production is in a continu ous flow. Lean techniques require a continuous improvement of processes go and products over a finis of time with the aim of reducing waste, improving product performance and customers satisfaction. The main goal of lean technique is to eliminate waste in every aspect of production including factory management, product designs and supplier system. Incorporation of less human effort and less time to develop the products has lead to achieve this goal.A range of eccentric/lean improvement techniques relate to the study of Industrial problems.Industries and companies are both using this methods and the sextuplet defacement method to reduce waste, increase speed while at the same time providing defect and variation reduction, using this tools together has help a great deal in achieving the benefits and reducing production of wastes. Lean Six Sigma is an improvement technique which helps to attain maximum improvement in customer satisfaction, cost reduction, pure tone improvement and speedy processing.Lean techniques help in stigma so as to maintenance tools, materials and personnel in a proper manner so as to background waste and to increase speed. The lean six stigma techniques are also offerd for improvement of the information technology, and human resource department of the company. In this method, company practices such as having and framing new employees arsehole be minimize when speeding is increased and non value adding activities are mutilated and also when waste is eliminated. The lean six methods assist in keeping the focus of the industry on the two goals. Through this commercialization process of the company is made efficient by delivering within the shortest time new capable products and services to the market.Lean improvement techniques are focused on the main goal which is to identity the value of an industry. After identifying the value, they work to create the value in steps which minimize the amount of waste created. To achieve this, t hey need to standardize and regulate working practices and at the same time clear up the study. 5s is a methodology of cleanup position up and organizing the workplace which originated from Japan.This technique emphasizes more on how to achieve and maintain cleanliness and visual orderliness at the workplace. In this methodology, companies are required to remove unessential items from the workplace and organize it, to make it easier for employees to perform their tasks in a clean and orderly working environment. 5s usually can be translated into sort, set in order, shine, standardize and uphold. Sort refers to remove unnecessary tools and items from the workplace and identifying the most needed tools to perform the tasks.Set in order, ensures that tools and materials are arranged in a manner which is easier for the employees to access. Finally sustain ensures that 5s method is assimilated in the organization culture. To ensure this is adhered to by all employees, their performanc e is measured and they are informed of their progress routinely. The main benefit of this method is that it keeps the workplace orderly and clean. As a result, efficiency is improved by reducing time take to search for tools by reducing inventory and cycle of production time. (Hobbs, D. P. 2003).Total productive maintenance (TPM) is a lean technique which focuses on incorporating all functions and categories of an organization so as to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their production process. Its main aim is to reduce accidents and mistake made during operation and production. It is a technique which aims at preventing maintenance breakdowns, eliminating product defects and designing tools and materials which require less maintenance. Cellular manufacturing also referred to as one-piece flow system, supports a smooth flow of materials, where equipments are arranged in an aligned procedure so as to reduce enrapture delays. By using this technique, the production capacity of an industry can be increased by adding more production units. (Dennis, P. 2002).The concept that Lean has on economic aspirations of developed and developing countriesLean manufacturing which is described as a system to eliminate waste and improve productivity, is the answer to eliminate the problem of jobless people in these countries. Lean manufacturing technique must be aligned appropriately at all production levels so as to improve the economy of these countries. Developing countries have discovered lean manufacturing techniques are effective in reducing costs and waste by increasing their workforce, so as to have a one piece flow system.These countries must reduce costs at all levels by challenging all their activities to establish whether the activities add value to the customers. This way, they can eliminate business processes which do not add value to the customer or benefit the industry. They should focus their attention more by determining why a certain operation must be used. Preventing production defects is more profitable than fixing it. Therefore, removing all non-value added activities is more beneficial to the company, and in the long run, improves the economy of these countries. (Conner, G. 2001).By identifying activities which provide more value to the customer, companies will be able to reduce costs, reduce the time required to achieve a product and also improve the quality of their products. Use of lean manufacturing in developing countries ensures flexibility and one- piece flow production which leads to production of goods which are best suited for the customers needs by meet the delivery time at a reduced cost. This enables the countries to expand their internal market by reducing costs. Having a customers based focus, is a technique which has enabled industries to focus on customers input and feedback to ensure customers satisfaction and so promotes the sales.Physical and Socio economic impact of Lean on resources and pollutionWh ile lean manufacturing techniques focus mainly on reducing waste and eliminating non-value added activities in their production system, they also assume practices which help in improving environmental performance. Through this, they are able to focus on the environment and related resources by reducing pollution. Industries are directing their attention to lean manufacturing so as to reduce cost and production requirement resource, to improve their product quality and enhance customer satisfaction and responsiveness so as to boost the companys profits. The main goal of lean technique is to eliminate waste in every aspect of production including factory management, product designs and supplier system. Incorporation of less human effort and less time to develop the products has led to achieve this goal.Industries engage in lean techniques which focus more on production efficiency and improving production of resources. Doing this results to, using less material, using less energy, and in effect, producing less waste. This culture in turn benefits the environment, in the sense that industries train their employees to focus on environmental friendly practices so as to reduce waste production and prevent pollution.Lean methods have established continual improvement based waste elimination techniques which lead to improvement in environmental performance. interrogation studies have shown that lean techniques focus on environmental management tools which include, life cycle and tools implemented to reduce the environmental risks and pollution. Decreasing the material used during production especially water, chemicals, energy and other inputs, reduces chance of producing more waste during manufacturing and thus less waste is channeled into the environment. The continual improvement techniques used by industries enables them to identify and remove waste materials during the production process. (Taghizadegan, S. 2006).ConclusionLean manufacturing techniques have been im plemented so as to provide customers with a range of higher quality products at lower prices through umpteen different sales channels. Lean manufacturing focuses on using less human and machinery effort, less manufacturing space and less time to produce and develop new products while producing less waste material. The concept of lean manufacturing focuses on three major aspects which include improvement of quality of products and production time and also cost reduction. Other aspects of lean manufacturing have been established which emphasize on improving the smoothness of work and in effect leading to waste reduction. Lean implementations main goal is to get the right things at the appropriate place, at the required time in the correct quantity so as to attain good products while reducing wastes.Lean techniques are implemented to make work easier to understand and to perform. The concept of lean production that the products produced must meet the customer needs at the specific tim e by understand the activities required and optimizing them to complete the process from the customers view. The aim of lean manufacturing is to eliminate waste material in all aspects of production which includes factory management, customer relations and design in this concept, waste material is considered as anything that the customer is unwilling to pay for. Lean techniques are concepts designed to reduce waste products and achieve an efficient production system.ReferencesConner, G. (2001). Lean Manufacturing for the Small Shop. SME.Dennis, P. (2002). Lean Production Simplified. Productivity Press.Field, W. M. (2001). Lean Manufacturing. CRC Press.Hobbs, D. P. (2003). Lean Manufacturing Implementation. J. Ross Publishing.Taghizadegan, S. (2006). Essentials of Lean Six Sigma. faculty member Press.

Responsibility for employees Essay

I and two other(a) individuals have agreed to start a line of merchandise that pull up s keeps provide management consulting services to nonprofit organizations. Because of the increased scrutiny on legal actions of corporations and those who act on behalf of organizations, we have determined that it would be essential to have our moral philosophy program developed before we start offering our services. A headache as a moral agent must prove that it has an effective moral philosophy program to protect employees, the corporation, and blood linees that the company impart serve. It is also important to have an moral philosophy program to support the ethical values of our corporation and to make it shit to employees what is acceptable behavior, and to make clear what policies and standards be to be followed in our consulting company. It has been proven that businesses who take these steps to prevent misconduct by making the code of morals clear for their company have had grea t success with no reputation damage for a period of at least five years for about (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2008). Code of ethicsA Standards and ProceduresResponsibility of employees to one a nonher and including management and owners sh both be as follows All employees and personnel of MCS are required to observe the highest standards of personal, professional, and business conduct. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations is the minimum standard in fulfilling ethical duties and responsibilities. vigilance Consulting Services endeavors to practice honesty, fairness, and integrity in all our dealings with one another, the public, the business community, stockholders, clients, and suppliers alike. This requires that we all take responsibility in ethical decision-making and recognize that all actions must reflect the highest ethical practices. Failure to follow the practices and policies of this Management Consulting Services substantial can result in discipline, up t o and including termination. All personnel working for MCS exit be required to read these Ethics pulllines and a signature of cite and consent to work under these terms is required. Responsibility to our Clients. Management Consulting Services will serve our clients with integrity, competence, and without bias.MCS will keep orphic all client nurture and records of our clients engagements. MCS will use proprietary client selective information only with the clients permission. MCS will not allow misuse of confidential client information by our firm or its consultants. MCS will not allow conflicts of interest, which supply a competitive gain to a client through our use of confidential information or property from another client who is a direct competitor without that competitors authorization. MCS does not recruit employees of a client or assist them in getting employment elsewhere except by express permission and prior consultation with the client (DiMatteo & DiMatteo, 2001). Res ponsibility of Management. MCS will not engage in any consulting assignment unless we have a consultant who is qualified to perform it based on their expertise and competency. MCS will assist our fellow worker consultants in developing their qualities support them in practicing the Code of Ethics of this profession, and work together with our consultants in a constructive manner.Management Consulting Services will poke out to keep our professionals educated by developing their knowledge, skills, and techniques through up witnessd management consulting classes and seminars to remain experts in our professional consulting business. Prior to commencing the execution of any consulting obligation, MCS will ensure that the objectives, direct of work, proposal , the professional fees and payment arrangements have all been agreed upon with the client in writing. MCS will immediately concede any influences on our objectivity to our clients and will offer to withdraw from a consulting enga gement when a conflict of interest or integrity may be impaired. MCS will document all reports submitted to clients. This will maintain continuity of understanding of the clients problems and the solutions that have been created for the client in order to have a reference when necessary.MCS will charge bonny fees that are proportionate with the consulting services we provide, time that we spend, and equivalent to our expertise. MCS does not accept any commissions, fees, or compensation from other parties in connection with any pass to a client to purchase equipment, materials, or services as a result of our consulting engagement (Consulting, 2006). MCS will not advertise our services in an unreal or overstated manner or in any other way that may harm the integrity of the profession of management consulting. All clients of Management Consulting Services and all parties involved are required to readand sign an acknowledgement of these terms and conditions. B. Ethics Training Progra mEthics training programs are part of the necessary appendage if all companies. Ethics training programs when given at least yearly will foster positive morale among employees and upgrade employees to make right choices based on ethics training. Ethics training will also furnish guidelines for protection in liability. The perception of a business is readily determined by the ethics that company projects among its employees, the environment, and the community.If a company has a reputation of having integrity, employees as well as customers and colleagues will be exceedingly honored to be part of or associated with this business (Gordon, 2006). MCS will mandate online Ethics training to be taken yearly for each employee and all other personnel. The MCS individual will be given 30 days to complete the online training to be completed each year no later than 30 days after the date of hire, i.e. date of hire 06/10/2011, a particular employee would have until 07/10 of every year after their employment date to take the yearly online ethics training and have their completion page signed and sent in to the HR Ethics Manager. The PC online training would overcompensate four specific areas Enforcement of company rules.Ethical behavior regarding the environment in relation to company property and liability issues.C. Monitoring, Auditing, and Reporting Ethics ViolationsThe Board of Directors would be in charge of the Code of Ethics for our company and subject to its rules and regulations. We three would be the committee and I am the Ethics manager and officer. Any and all concerns should be forgeed in via the online program for anonymous purposes and be directly handled by our committee. The employee and all personnel for our company may still contact the Ethics Officer personally if that is the more comfortable way to deliver the ethics concerns and perceived violations.The Ethics committee would be responsible for developing and interpreting policies and procedures for ethics concerns. Quarterly department meetings for interpretation of ethics policies and procedures. Discuss briefly weaknesses with understanding of ethics policies and procedures and answer questions from employees regarding any of the policies or procedures. Explain the monitoring, auditing, and reporting process and again answer questions employees or personnel may have. Monitoring, Auditing, and Reporting of Misconduct.The Ethics officer would be solely responsible for monitoring the online reporting by employees and personnel and take appropriate measures to resolve possible fraud or misconduct as reported to include private discussion with the accused to avoid legal action if possible, and misunderstandings that occur due to lack of full understanding of the company ethics and procedures policies and standards of conduct. This online system would be directly connected to the Ethics officers inbox designed outside of email and strictly through the reporting system and no t accessible by other personnel.Auditing would include the effectiveness of operations, the credibility of financial reporting, preventing, and examining for fraud, asset protection, and compliance to laws and regulations of state and Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations and compliance with Sarbanes Oxley Act. Reporting of misconduct can be do in two ways. An employee or personnel may turn it in through the computer online ethics guideline program anonymously or ask for a private meeting with the ethics officer to infract the perceived misconduct and be protected without fear of retribution. All reports whether to the ethics officer or through the online anonymous reporting system would be strictly confidential and automatically protect the reporting individual. Rewards for followingthe ethics policies and procedures.Additional Paid Time Off at 1 day per year up to the first four years. After the fifth year of employment the paid time off will accrue at 2 additional d ays per year. A plaque will be awarded to the employee voted on for employee of the year. The employee or personnel will also receive dining tickets made out to favorite eating house for $30.Disciplines to include.First warning with defining issues, explaining the policies, and retraining. Second warning will include possible suspension along with retraining and possible restitution by employee if necessary. thirdly could include termination or plea to Ethics committee for continuation of employment with demerit on pay scale and possible demotion. If legal proceeding develop from a violation then termination is absolute.D. Ethics Program Review and ImprovementThe ethics committee will determine on a yearly basis if improvements are needed in specific ethics areas and will discuss and implement updates in all areas pertinent. This will be done through review of online suggestions employees and personnel have offered as part of their yearly online ethics training. An ethical checkli st will be used to determine proper growth for the company regarding the ethics culture of our company and to determine needed changes for that growth (McNamara, 1992). Education of updates on a yearly basis in conformance with interior(a) auditing standards to include the followingEthics Programs.IT governance.Fraud risk management.Technology based audits, due professional care.Prohibition from managing risk.Records retention.ReferencesConsulting, F. P. (2006). Our Code of Conduct. http//focalpointconsult.com/?category_name=our-code-of-conduct . DiMatteo,B. C., & DiMatteo, G. (2001, March 10). Code of Ethics. http//www.atlanticconsultants.com/about/code-of-ethics.htm . Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2008). create an Effective Ethics Program/Implementing and Auditing Ethics Programs. In O. Ferrell, J. Fraedrich, & L. Ferrell, Business Ethics Ethical Decision Making and Cases (pp. 4-85). Boston Houghton Mifflin Company. Gordon, A. (2006, April 6). Ethics Training Progra ms For Employees. EzineArticles.com/3952220 McNamara, C. M. (1992). Complete Guide To Ethics Management. http//managementhelp.org/businessethics/ethics-guide.htmanchor41892 .

Forward the Foundation Chapter 20

22Yugo Amaryl said, Here you are again, Dors.Sorry, Yugo. Im bothering you twice this week. Actually you dont get out any sensation very often, do you?Amaryl said, I dont encourage people to lambaste me, no. They tend to interrupt me and break my line of thought. non you, Dors. Youre altogether special, you and Hari. Theres n perpetually a day I dont remember what you twain deport make for me.Dors waved her hand. Forget it, Yugo. Youve worked hard for Hari and any trifling kindness we did for you has long been everywherepaid. How is the Project going? Hari never talks about it- non to me, anyway.Amaryls face lightened and his whole body seemed to repel on an infusion of life. Very well. Very well. Its difficult to talk about it without mathematics, but the progress weve made in the last two years is amazing-more than in all the time before that. Its as though, after weve been hammering aside and hammering away, things take a crap finally begun to break loose.Ive been hea ring that the new equations worked out by Dr. Elar have helped the situation.The achaotic equations? Yes. Enormously.And the Electro-Clarifier has been helpful, too. I spoke to the woman who designed it.Cinda Monay?Yes. Thats the one.A very clever woman. Were fortunate to have her.Tell me, Yugo-You work at the Prime effulgent virtually all the time, dont you?Im more or less constantly studying it. Yes.And you study it with the Electro-Clarifier.Certainly.Dont you ever study of taking a vacation, Yugo?Amaryl looked at her owlishly, blinking slowly. A vacation?Yes. Surely youve heard the word. You know what a vacation is.Why should I collect a vacation?Because you seem dreadfully tired to me.A little, now and then. But I dont want to leave the work.Do you feel more tired now than you used to?A little. Im get older, Dors.Youre only forty-nine.Thats thus far older than Ive ever been before.Well, let it go. Tell me, Yugo-just to change the subject. How is Hari doing at his work? You ve been with him so long that no one could possibly know him better than you do. Not even I. At least, as far as his work is concerned.Hes doing very well, Dors. I see no change in him. He still has the fast and b redressest brain in the place. Age is having no effect on him-at least, not so far.Thats good to hear. Im afraid that his own opinion of himself is not as spunky as yours is. Hes not taking his age well. We had a difficult time getting him to celebrate his recent birthday. Were you at the festivities, by the way? I didnt see you.I attended part of the time. But, you know, parties of that kind are not the sort of thing I feel at home with.Do you think Hari is corroding out? Im not referring to his mental brilliance. Im referring to his physical capacities. In your opinion, is he growing tired-too tired to bear up under his responsibilities?Amaryl looked astonished. I never gave it any thought. I cigarettet imagine him growing tired.He whitethorn be, just the same. I thi nk he has the impulse, now and then, to give up his post and hand the task over to some younger man.Amaryl sat back in his chair and put down the graphic stylus he had been fiddling with ever since Dors had entered. What Thats ridiculous impossibleAre you sure?Absolutely. He certainly wouldnt consider such a thing without discussing it with me. And he hasnt.Be reasonable, Yugo. Hari is exhausted. He tries not to show it, but he is. What if he does decide to retire? What would become of the Project? What would become of psychohistory?Amaryls eyes narrowed. Are you joking, Dors?No. Im just trying to look into the future.Surely, if Hari retires, I trace to the post. He and I ran the Project for years before anyone else joined us. He and I. No one else. Except for him, no one knows the Project as I do. Im surprise you dont take my succession for granted, Dors.Dors said, Theres no question in my estimation or in anyone elses that you are the logical successor, but do you want to be? You may know everything about psychohistory, but do you want to throw yourself into the politics and complexities of a large Project and abandon much of your work in regulate to do so? Actually its trying to keep everything moving smoothly thats been wearing Hari down. Can you take on that part of the job?Yes, I can and its not something I intend to discuss. Look here, Dors. Did you come here to break the news that Hari intends to ease me out?Dors said, Certainly not How could you think that of Hari Have you ever known him to turn on a friend?Very well, then. Lets drop the subject. Really, Dors, if you dont mind, there are things I essential do. Abruptly he turned away from her and bent over his work once more.Of course. I didnt mean to take up this much of your time.Dors left, frowning.23Raych said, Come in, mom. The coast is clear. Ive sent Manella and Wanda off somewhere.Dors entered, looked right and left out of sheer habit, and sat down in the nearest chair.Thanks, said Dors . For a while she simply sat there, looking as if the load of the Empire were on her shoulders.Raych waited, then said, I never got a chance to ask you about your wild trip into the Palace grounds. It isnt every guy who has a mom who can do that.Were not talking about that, Raych.Well then, tell me. **Youre not one for giving anything away by facial expressions, but you look sorta down. Why is that?Because I feel, as you word, sorta down. In fact, Im in a bad mood because I have terribly important things on my mind and theres no use talking to your father about it. Hes the most wonderful man in the world, but hes very hard to handle. Theres no chance that hed take an interest in the dramatic. He dismisses it all as my irrational fears for his life-and my subsequent attempts to protect him.Come on, Mom, you do seem to have irrational fears where pascals concerned. If youve got something dramatic in mind, its probably all wrong.Thank you. You sound just like he does and you leave m e frustrated. Absolutely frustrated.Well then, unburden yourself, Mom. Tell me whats on your mind. From the beginning.It starts with Wandas dream.Wandas dream Mom Maybe youd better stop right now. I know that Dad wont want to listen if you start that way. I mean, come on. A little slang has a dream and you make a big deal of it. Thats ridiculous.I dont think it was a dream, Raych. I think what she thought was a dream were two real people, talking about what she thought concerned the death of her grandfather.Thats a wild guess on your part. What possible chance does this have of being honest?Just suppose it is true. The one phrase that remained with her waslemonade death. Why should she dream that? Its much more likely that she heard that and distorted the words she heard-in which case, what were the undistorted words?I cant tell you, said Raych, his voice incredulous.Dors did not fail to catch that. You think this is just my sick invention. Still, if I happen to be right, I might be at the start of unraveling a conspiracy against Hari right here in the Project.Are there conspiracies in the Project? That sounds as impossible to me as conclusion significance in a dream.Every large project is riddled with angers, frictions, jealousies of all sorts.Sure. Sure. Were talking nasty words and faces and nose thumbing and tale bearing. Thats nothing at all like talking conspiracy. Its not like talking about killing Dad.Its just a difference in degree. A small difference-maybe.Youll never make Dad believe that. For that matter, youll never make me believe that. Raych walked hastily across the room and back again, And youve been trying to nose out this so-called conspiracy, have you?Dors nodded.And youve failed.Dors nodded.Doesnt it occur to you that youve failed because there is no conspiracy, Mom? Dors shook her head. Ive failed so far, but that doesnt shake my belief that one exists. I have that feeling.Raych laughed. You sound very ordinary, Mom. I would expect mor e from you than I have that feeling.There is one phrase that I think can be distorted into lemonade. Thats layperson-aided. Laymanayded? Whats that?Layman-aided. Two words. A layman is what the mathematicians at the Project call nonmathematicians.Well?Suppose, interjected Dors firmly, someone spoke of layman-aided death, meaning that some way could be found to kill Hari in which one or more nonmathematicians would play an essential role. Might that not have sounded to Wanda like lemonade death, considering that she had never heard the phrase layman-aided any more than you did, but that she was extraordinarily sociable of lemonade?Are you trying to tell me that there were people in Dads private office, of all places. How many people, by the way?Wanda, in describing her dream, says two. My own feeling is that one of the two was none other than Colonel Hender Linn of the junta and that he was being shown the Prime Radiant and that there must have been a discussion involving the elimi nation of Hari.Youre getting wilder and wilder, Mom. Colonel Linn and another man in Dads office talking murder and not knowing that there was a little girl hidden in a chair, overhearing them? Is that it?More or less.In that case, if there is mention of laymen, then one of the people, presumably the one that isnt Linn, must be a mathematician.It would seem to be so.That seems utterly impossible. But even if it were true, which mathematician do you suppose might be in question? There are at least fifty in the Project.I havent questioned them all. Ive questioned a few and some laymen, too, for that matter, but I have uncovered no leads. Of course, I cant be too open in my questions.In short, no one you have interviewed has given you any lead on any dangerous conspiracy.No.Im not surprised. They havent done so, because-I know your because, Raych. Do you suppose people are going to break down and give away conspiracies under mild questioning? I am in no position to try to beat the info rmation out of anyone. Can you imagine what your father would say if I upset one of his precious mathematicians?Then, with a jerky change in the intonation of her voice, she said, Raych, have you talked to Yugo Amaryl lately?No, not recently. Hes not one of your sociable creatures, you know. If you pulled the psychohistory out of him, hed collapse into a little pile of modify skin.Dors made a face at the picture and said, Ive talked to him twice recently and he seems to me to be a little withdrawn. I dont mean just tired. It is near as though hes not aware of the world.Yes. Thats Yugo.Is he getting worse lately?Raych thought awhile. He might be. Hes getting older, you know. We all are. Except you, Mom.Would you say that Yugo had crossed the line and become a little unstable, Raych?Who? Yugo? He has nothing to be unstable about. Or with. Just leave him at his psychohistory and hell mumble quiet to himself for the rest of his life.I dont think so. There is something that interests him-and very strongly, too. Thats the succession.What succession?I mentioned that someday your father might want to retire and it turns out that Yugo is determined-absolutely determined-to be his successor.Im not surprised. I imagine that everyone agrees that Yugo is the natural successor. Im sure Dad thinks so, too.But he seemed to me to be not quite normal about it. He thought I was coming to him to break the news that Hari had shoved him aside in favor of someone else. Can you imagine anyone thinking that of Hari?It is surprising- Raych interrupted himself and favored his mother with a long look. He said, Mom, are you getting ready to tell me that it might be Yugo whos at the heart of this conspiracy youre speaking of? That he wants to get rid of Dad and take over?Is that entirely impossible?Yes, it is, Mom. Entirely. If theres anything wrong with Yugo, its overwork and nothing else. Staring at all those equations or whatever they are, all day and fractional the night, would dr ive anyone crazy.Dors rose to her feet with a jerk. Youre right.Raych, startled, said, Whats the matter?What youve said. Its given me an entirely new idea. A crucial one, I think. Turning, without another word, she left.24Dors Venabili disapproved, as she said to Hari Seldon Youve fatigued four days at the Galactic Library. Completely out of touch and again you managed to go without me.Husband and wife stared at each others image on their holoscreens. Hari had just returned from a research trip to the Galactic Library in Imperial Sector. He was calling Dors from his Project office to let her know hed returned to Streeling. tear down in anger, thought Hari, Dors is beautiful. He wished he could reach out and touch her cheek.Dors, he began, a placating note in his voice, I did not go alone. I had a number of people with me and the Galactic Library, of all places, is safe for scholars, even in these turbulent times. I am going to have to be at the Library more and more often, I think , as time goes on.And youre going to continue to do it without telling me?Dors, I cant live according to these death-filled views of yours. Nor do I want you running after me and upsetting the librarians. Theyre not the junta. I need them and I dont want to make them angry. But I do think that I-we-should take an apartment nearby.Dors looked grim, shook her head, and changed the subject. Do you know that I had two talks with Yugo recently?Good. Im glad you did. He needs contact with the outside world.Yes, he does, because somethings wrong with him. Hes not the Hugo weve had with us all these years. Hes become vague, distant, and-oddly enough-passionate on only one point, as nearly as I can tell-his determination to succeed you on your retirement.That would be natural-if he survives me.Dont you expect him to survive you?Well, hes eleven years younger than I am, but the vicissitudes of circumstance-What you really mean is that you recognize that Yugo is in a bad way. He looks and acts older than you do, for all his younger age, and that seems to be a rather recent development. Is he ill?Physically? I dont think so. He has his periodic examinations. Ill admit, though, that he seems drained. Ive tried to persuade him to take a vacation for a few months-a whole years sabbatical, if he wishes. Ive suggested that he leave Trantor altogether, just so that he is as far away from the Project as possible for a while. There would be no problem in financing his dwell on Getorin-which is a pleasant resort world not too many light-years away.Dors shook her head impatiently. And, of course, he wont. I suggested a vacation to him and he acted as though he didnt know the meaning of the word. He absolutely refused.So what can we do? said Seldon.Dors said, We can think a little. Yugo worked for a quarter of a century on the Project and seemed to maintain his strength without any trouble at all and now suddenly he has weakened. It cant be age. Hes not yet fifty.Are you suggesting something?Yes. How long have you and Yugo been using this Electro-Clarifier thing on your Prime Radiants?About two years-maybe a little more.I accept that the Electro-Clarifier is used by anyone who uses the Prime Radiant.Thats right.Which means Yugo and you, mostly?Yes.And Yugo more than you?Yes. Yugo concentrates fiercely on the Prime Radiant and its equations. I, unfortunately, have to spend much of my time on administrative duties.And what effect does the Electro-Clarifier have on the human body?Seldon looked surprised. Nothing of any significance that I am aware of.In that case, explain something to me, Hari. The Electro-Clarifier has been in operation for over two years and in that time youve grown measurably more tired, crotchety, and a little out of touch. Why is that?**Im getting older, Dors.Nonsense. Whoever told you that 60 is crystallized senility? Youre using your age as a crutch and a defense and I want you to stop it. Yugo, though hes younger, has been exposed to t he Electro-Clarifier more than you have and, as a result, he is more tired, more crotchety, and, in my opinion, a great deal less in touch than you are. And he is rather childishly intense about the succession. Dont you see anything significant in this?Age and overwork. Thats significant.No, its the Electro-Clarifier. Its having a long-term effect on the two of you.After a pause, Seldon said, I cant disprove that, Dors, but I dont see how its possible. The Electro-Clarifier is a device that produces an unusual electronic field, but it is still only a field of the type to which human beings are constantly exposed. It cant do any unusual harm. In any case, we cant give up its use. Theres no way of continuing the progress of the Project without it.Now, Hari, I must ask something of you and you must cooperate with me on this. Go nowhere outside the Project without telling me and do nothing out of the ordinary without telling me. Do you understand?Dors, how can I agree to this? Youre try ing to put me into a straitjacket.Its just for a while. A few days. A week.Whats going to happen in a few days or a week?Dors said, Trust me. I will clear up everything.

Bold Flash Case Essay

BoldDisk, currently known as Boldflash, was founded in 1982 in Waltham Massachussets. Originally manu incidenturing computer storage medias like diskette disks for original equipment manufacturers and consumer markets, BoldFlashs product mix has evolved in due course of time. In 2012, the company began offering customers contemporary solutions in flash memory for products such(prenominal) as digital cameras, mp3s and most importantly smartphones, the latter accounting for 40% of the overall market .However, the inability of the company to keep up to date with the propellant nature of this 20 billion dollar market has led to the decline of the company in regards to product innovation and customer satisfaction. Even though there are macroeconomic factors that brought about this predicament, the effect of managerial inefficiency also has to be taken into account. This essay will do as such by critically insureing the top-down management approach this company has used from both the h uman relations and power perspectives.The situation that the company currently finds itself in faecal matter be attributed to several factors. When looking at Boldflashs management from a human relations perspective, the issue of bad management becomes more apparent. The previous guilt presidents decision of tackling issues through a top down approach can be one cause to the companys failure in creating regard as for customers. One problem with this autocratic approach in an innovation company is that it leads to the breakdown of communication and teamwork. The numerous conflicts between manufacturing and sales can be attributed to the elementary fact that the culture of the company was not based on communication between the two parties, it was based on following orders from corporate. This lack of vertical loading, or dispersal of authority, has on one hand an effect of inefficiency in trying to create value for the company and its customers, but it also causes the employees to feel neglected.This apparent undo between management and workers can and has caused conflicts within the organization that when not addressed can become, according to Herzberg, hygiene factors that inhibit motivation and therefore innovation in the company. Another problem with this management approach is that it acts as hindrance to the development of new products.The ramifications of taking this McGregors Theory x approach, neglects non economic factors such as doing appraisal and participation which are considered as mainstay motivators. Moreover, Maslows theory supports the argument that autonomy and room for personal growth are the key motivators for employees to add value to their company through the process of satisfying their own need for self actualization.When looking at this company from a political perspective, the skepticism of how Harrisons bolt of management had an effect on the companys structure is relatively obvious. It is more important to emphasize that the crux of the matter was the major deficits in product development (2nd paragraph further examined pp.2). According to the present paper, former criminality president Jim Harrison commanded a rather strictregiment and had a management style that can be described as autocratic. That suggests the assumption that he made use of Lukes first dimension of power, namely orders. A clearly glaring way of solving conflicts with the results he was in favour of. Its hardly surprising that this proceeding didnt lead to a multifarious company culture, or a structure which encourages employees to bring in their ideas. in fact, it shows a second possible reason for BoldFlashs failure in the tablet-chip market the markets potential was not recognized to its full extent and was therefore the opportunity was underplayed by management.Another side of BoldFlashs structural problems are highlighted by the fact that the actual product development group was being led by the marketing department. Disregar ded by Harrison ,Cahill notices a loose form of leadership, which in his view does not succeed in integrating the talents of the employees. Contrarily to the general culture of strict orders, power is not used much in this group leave Cahill with the impression that there were neither clear achievements nor direction in which to move the company.However. the structure of the company is changing as a result of the new vice president. under the structure of a di viewalized form, Robert Cahill leaves to its managers of divisions (Sales, Marketing etc.) the freedom ofdecision and then controls the results. This enterprise makes sure that the standardization of outputs are respected through an important performance control. (meetings definitions of targets, objectives and strategies for each division that decisions makers must keep in mind as they make specific decisions in the front).One can now notice that a formal communication exists -limited to transmission of results- between C ahill and the supervisors of each department. Nevertheless we can focus on what create a discord between all workers. It is chiefly due to the divisions culture. We notice that even if all the members work at the same final goals, they all have a different vision of how to perform. Thus their main goal becomes to keep it like a treasure and make sure that nobody will treat it they are on justification and make their best to keep their territory safe, acting without considering the others.In conclusion, the top down model used by the late Jim Harrison and its autocratic nature hinders organizational performance in respect to understanding the market as salutary as having a cooperative and innovative environment. this approach neglects the inputs of employees and affects their performance as well as their ability to stay motivated, ultimatly affecting the companys overall success and profitability, as is the case with BoldFlash.Considering that Fiona Wilson wrote a whole book ques tioning the totalistic ambition of management theories, it is not surprising that a vice president with an ambition like that analogically narrows the view of the whole organization.

Introduction to the Bible

The marrow within the Message David R. Hayes Introduction to the Bible RELS311, Section B001 Win 13 Mark D. Wessner February 10, 2013 The Message within the Message Even though some may say that in that respect is nonhing more to a narrative than what one may see and read on the pages before them, I believe that some stories are more than just historical narratives. For example, in the story of David and Goliath I believe that the example David sets by his faith and trust in immortal to give both him and Israel the victory against this ominous foe as well as Davids excogitates of wisdom to fighting the menacing taunts from Goliath are more than meets the eye.In this paper, I intend to dissect this transit from the Bible by explaining where it is located, I will discerp the literary port and characteristics of this passage, and I will give a detailed and thoughtful interpretation of this passage by using the appropriate exegetical approach. The story of David and Goliath is nominate in the archetypal mass of Samuel which is located between the book of Ruth and the second book of Samuel in the overage Testament.This narrative encompasses the entire 17th chapter of this book and is made up of fifty-eight verses. The first book of Samuel is one of thirty-nine books that make up the canon of the Old Testament, wagen from the Greek word kanon which ungenerouss a ruleor a standard for measurement, and is part of the Christian authoritative list of the books belonging to the Old Testament or vernal Testament (Comfort, 2003, p. 51). In this case, it is part of the Old Testament canon.This narrative is just one of many that make up over 40 percent of the Old Testament which constitutes three-quarters of the bulk of the Bible (Fee, 2003, p. 89). Besides the writings of Moses, a major prophet and author of the first five books of the Bible, also known as the Pentateuch, it is believed that later Moses and the other prophets and prophetesses during his life term the great outbursts of prophetic activity began with Samuel and the arliest kind of writing in which they seem to have engaged extensively was history, which afterwards became the basis of the books of Chronicles and c blushing(a)ibly of Samuel and Kings too, which have so a good deal material in common with Chronicles. (Comfort, 2003, p. 53) Addition all toldy, it is noteworthy to point out that in Jewish tradition Samuel, Kings, the Minor Prophets, Ezra-Nehemiah, and Chronicles are each reckoned as a single book (Comfort, 2003, p. 57).The narrative begins with the gathering of deuce armies the Philistines in Ephes-dammim and Israel on the other side of the Valley of Elah, which was between them, both on mountains quarantined by this valley (1 Samuel 171-3). Ephes-dammim, which is called Pas-dammin in the first book of Chronicles (1 Chronicles 1113), meaning boundary of blood which is believed to possibly have become from the belatedly red color of the newly plowed earth in this location and may have given origin to the idea of blood, exactly the location is not dead certain (Masterman, n. . ). The Valley of Elah, on the other hand, is located just north of where the Philistine armies are believed to have gathered with, which just about uniformly was, the dry brook bed of the Wadi es-Sant dividing them from Sauls armies in the Judean mountains, though a more accurate description would be hills (Wilson, n. d. ). The valley between them is a triangle-shaped flat valley, located on the western sandwich edge of the Judean low hills or Shepelah only in the rainy season does water flow in the creek bed rom the hills to the east to the Mediterranean on the west (Wilson, n. d. ). This narrative ends with the devastating loss of the Philistines champion, Goliath, followed by the massacre of the Philistine armies, and the victory of Gods chosen people, the Israelites. This narrative, like all narratives, is a story which retells us a historical event whic h was written by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit and is intended to give meaning and direction for a given people in the present (Fee, 2003, p. 0). Fee points out that the major difference between a biblical narrative and other narratives is that the story they tell is not so practically our story as it is Gods storyand it becomes ours as He writes us into it (2003, p. 90). But like all narratives it has three main characteristics characters, plot, and plot resolution (Fee, 2003, p. 90). The characters consist of protagonists (e. g. God), antagonists (e. g. Goliath), and agonists (e. g. David) (Fee, 2003, p. 90).The conflict in this plot would be the imminent battle between the Philistines and Israelites as well as the daily challenge given to the Israelites by Goliath which subsequently leads to forethought and inaction by Sauls armies. The plot resolution, or denouement, would be the devastating defeat of Goliath at the hands of David which reverses roles between the Philist ines and Israelites, instills fear into the hearts of the Philistine armies, and all told overturns the expected outcome of this battle.In the Bible most narratives are also historical and/or biographic accounts and include accounts in the following books of the Bible Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1-2 Samuel, 1-2 Kings, 1-2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Jonah, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, Haggai, Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, and Acts (Literary genres , n. d. ). though there are many narratives in these books it does not mean that each book is strictly narratives or any other genre for that matter.One thing that gravel me was when Fee appears to contradict himself when first he states that narratives are intended to give meaning and direction, except later states that Old Testament narratives are not allegories or stories with hidden meanings, are not intended to teach moral lessons, and do not necessarily teach directly (2003, p p. 90,92). So which is it? This leads into the characteristics of Hebrew narratives the narrator, the scene(s), the characters, dialogue, plot, features of coordinate and a final word (Fee, 2003, pp. 3-99). For this passage the narrator is Samuel, I believe, but cannot be certain because later in this book his death is recorded (1 Samuel 251). The scene is set around the Valley of Elah. The characters in the order they are mentioned are Goliath, King Saul, Jesse, Eliab, Abinadab, Shammah, David, and Abner. The primary dialogue is between David and Goliath but there is also a dialogue between David and Jesse, David and his brothers, David and King Saul, and King Saul with Abner.The plot starts off with the gathering of armies for battle which leads into the conflict presented by Goliaths challenge to the Israelite armies, the betrothal of this challenge by David, the slaying of Goliath by David, and the defeat of the Philistine armies. The feature of structure in this particular na rrative is the repetition of the power and pronouncement of God. This narrative, in my opinion, connects the dots from Davids anointing to be the next king of Israel to his establishment of his kingdom.Then, to even further define a narrative one can separate biblical narratives into three different levels which creates a hierarchy of narratives (Fee, 2003, p. 91). The top, or third level, is often called the metanarrative and has to do with the whole universal plan of God worked out through His psychiatric hospital, e. g. the creation and the fall of humanity (Fee, 2003, p. 91). The next, or second level, is the story of Gods redeeming a people for His name, e. g. he first and second covenant (Fee, 2003, p. 91). Finally, the last and first level is comprised of all the hundreds of individual narratives that make up the other two levels, e. g. the individual narratives of the patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, or Joseph) (Fee, 2003, p. 91). This covers the basics of a narrative, b ut to fully understand a narrative or passage the reader moldiness take an exegesis approach to carefully and systematically study the Scriptures to discover the original intended meaning (Fee, 2003, p. 3). The most important part of exegesis is knowing what questions to ask while reading to determine the context, whether historical or literary, and the content (Fee, 2003, pp. 24-28). After taking an exegesis approach the reader essential then take a hermeneutics approach which can include exegesis but in this case is referring to seeking the contemporary relevance of ancient texts (Fee, 2003, p. 29). Fee, however, says that this approach is much more difficult to define than the exegesis approach (2003, pp. 29-31).For either, you do not have to be an expert but you must understand the meaning of a passage in reference to the meaning of the sentences or passages before and after it (Fee, 2003, p. 27). Fee points out that the most important contextual question you will ever ask, and it must be asked over and over of every sentence and every paragraph while reading is, Whats the point? (2003, p. 27). We must, however, understand that this question will vary from genre to genre, but it is always the crucial question emphasis added (Fee, 2003, p. 7). Interestingly, according to Fee, Bible translations like the King James Version and the New American Standard both are in general written in paragraph form which can interfere with the exegesis approach because it can obscure the authors own logic (2003, p. 28). It does not mean it is impossible but should definitely be accounted for when studying exegetically. For my exegetical approach towards better understanding this passage I turned to the help of commentary from theologians like Matthew Henry and John Gill as well as a few other websites.According to the commentary of Matthew Henry, the Philistines were setup in Israels territory, not their own, and this could have been out-of-pocket to the knowledge of Gods departing from Saul as king, the end of Samuel and Sauls relationship, and/or Sauls inability to be the king his people needed him to be (Henry, n. d). According to Josephus, in John Gills expo of the Bible, this all occurred because the Philistines sensed weakness in Israel and saw their chance to further expand their own territory not to mention the opportunity for retribution for front defeats at the hands of Israel (Gill, n. d. . I would have to agree with both suggestions as possible answers to the question, What is the point? , of this narrative. I believe, nonetheless, that the main point is that David was just a shepherd, but by Gods strength he was able to deliver Israel out of the hands of the Philistines just as he had done in the past delivering sheep from his flock from a lion and a bear (1 Samuel 1734-37). Davids words are inspirational Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield but I come to thee in the name of the master of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied.This day will the Lord deliver thee into mine hand and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee and I will give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel. And all this assembly shall know that the Lord saveth not with sword and spear for the battle is the Lords, and he will give you into our hands. (1 Samuel 1745-47)In this passage, when David proclaims the name, or shem, of the Lord he invokes something like our power of attorney, where one person can act with the legal authority of another therefore it really means to come with Yahwehs presence, power, authority, and divine appointment (Wilson, n. d. ). incisively as Christians pray in Jesuss name David was claiming the victory over Goliath and the Philistines in the name of the Lord. David sets a great example of faith and obedience end-to-end this passage by trusting in God and by defending Gods reputation and glory.More importantly, he points out that the battle is still ultimately the Lords (Wilson, n. d. ). This is not the just now example of the faith of David, a man after Gods own heart, or others similar to him in faith. Several examples of this same principle is reiterated time after time throughout scripture, e. g. 1 Samuel 146b 2 Chronicles 2015, 328 Psalm 3316-18, 20, 446-8 Proverbs 2130-31 Hosea 17 Zechariah 46 Romans 831, 37 and 1 John 44 (Wilson, n. d. ).In conclusion, the majority of the Bible is made up of many narratives which are both historical and biographical that by Gods infinite wisdom serve a purpose for us all today. There are those that would say that you should not read too deep into these narratives because what you read is what you get. There are others that distort these narratives to make them mean what they want them to for their own ulterior motives. I, on the other hand, fall in between these two very different schools of thought.I believe that ultimately there is a message within the message that God wants us to understand, but without the right questions you will never get the right answers. I hope after reading this research paper that I have achieved my goals to dissect this passage from the Bible by explaining where it is located, to analyze the literary style and characteristics of this passage, and to give a detailed and thoughtful interpretation of this passage by using the appropriate exegetical approach.In closing, I would like to quote a very true, but enlightening just the same, statement that I came across while researching Even though we rely on the Spirit, we are not so foolish as to make no preparation. As St. Augustine once said, Pray as though everything depended on God. Work as though everything depended on you. Faith and preparation are not mutually exclusive. (Wilson, n. d. ). References Comfort, P. W. (2003). The origin of the Bible. Carol Stream, IL Tyndale House Publishers. Fee, G. D. , Stuart, D. K. (2003).The Old Testament Narratives Their Proper Use. How to read the Bible for all its worth (3rd ed. , pp. 89-106). Grand Rapids, MI Zondervan. Gill, J. (n. d. ). John Gills exposition of the entire Bible. Freegrace. net. Retrieved February 8, 2013, from http//www. freegrace. net/Gill/1_Samuel/1_Samuel_17. htm Henry, M. (n. d. ). Matthew Henry commentary on the whole Bible. Freegrace. net. Retrieved February 8, 2013, from http//www. freegrace. net/library/mhc/1 _samuel/ 17. html Literary genres composing information with style (n. . ). Helpmewithbiblestudy. org. Retrieved February 9, 2013, from http//helpmewithbiblestudy. org/5Bible/HermComposingInformationWithStyle. aspx Masterman, E. W. G. (n. d. ). Ephes-dammim. BibleAtlas. org. Retrieved February 8, 2013, from http//bibleatlas. org/ephes-dammim. htm The Scofield Study Bible. (1945). New York Oxford University Press. Wilson, R. F. (n. d. ). David and Goliath Bold Faith. The JesusWalk Bible Study Series. Retrieved February 8, 2013, from http//www. jesuswalk. com/david/02_david_goliath. htm

American Express Company Essay

American bear Comp either, sometimes kn cause as AmEx, is a diversified global financial work go with conducequartered in New York City. Founded in 1850, it is matchless of the 30 components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. At present, there atomic number 18 58,300 employees worldwide operative in American distill earning annual revenue of $24. 5 billion. Its assets argon valued at $124 billion, with $620 billion in annual purchase volume on American educe card game and $87. 9 million cards-in-force.Each day, American Express makes it easier, safer and more rewarding for consumers and businesses to purchase the things they need and for merchants to sell their goods and usefulnesss. An engine of commerce, American Express provides advanced(a) payment, kick the bucket and expense management solutions for individuals and businesses of both sizes. Most of all, it helps the customers realize their dreams and aspirations through industry-leading benefits, access to unique experiences, business-building insights, and global customer care. It enables its customers to do more and achieve more.The vision of American Express is to work hard e actually day to make American Express the worlds most respected gain brand. Living up to our values is our first priority. They consider in three operating principles they are Offer superior value propositions to all of the customers Operate with best-in-class economics Support the American Express brand American Express is the worlds largest card issuer by purchase volume. They process millions of transactions daily as the premium cyberspace for high-spending card-members.The American Express is also known for helping mall business owners succeed by delivering purchasing power, flexibility and financial control. Adding on to its roles American Express also provides commercial payment tools and expertise that help companies control their spending and save billions of dollars, purpose marketing and in potpourriati on management insights that help merchants build their businesses. The American Express employees are customer loyal experts with industry-leading rewards programs and platforms. They operate the worlds largest travel network serving consumers and businesses and are recognized as the most innovative company in our industries.They are dedicated to serving their customers, 24/7, around the world. The Values which they operate on reflect who the company is and what it stands for as a company. They believe in Customer Commitment, Quality, Integrity, Teamwork, Respect for People, Good Citizenship, Will to Win Personal and Accountability. Human Resource Practices at American Express Being a service industry firm, the employees form the base of all its operations and so the company gives a lot of importance to its HR practices which starts from assessing the need for impertinent employees or new recruits.At American Express it starts with Projecting head counts, Assigning requisition numb er, identifying relevant profiles and estimating the number of candidates. The recruitment process starts with projecting the head counts i. e. by assessing how many candidates are required at a crabby point in time in various departments. As per the requirements identified for different departments the company assigns a require Number which differentiates various prank requirements from one other.The Requisition Number is a unique code assigned by the company to different jobs which consists of the job description, minimum requirement for the job and the selection criteria. American Express consequently identifies the profiles that are relevant as per the requirements given by the Requisition Number and then estimates as to how many candidates will actually appear for the selection process. The company uses different sourcing channels for identifying relevant profiles as per its requirements. American Express uses both native as well as external sources of recruitment.The Inte rnal sources of the company consist of Employee Referral and Internal Sourcing Team under which the HR department asks its employees to refer the suitable candidates as per the job requirement. A candidate selected via an Employee Referral leads to the Employees getting a specific amount as a form of reward for contributing a resource to the Organization. As a part of the External sources the company contacts with External Vendors and Consultants and also goes to colleges for hiring. Beside this the company uses Job Postings also by advertising in job portals like www.Naukri. com, www. monsterindia. com and so forth American Express also uses Social Networking Sites for inviting application by posting on www. showcasebook. com and www. linkedin. com . Beside the electronic media the company also advertise in newspapers like multiplication of India and Hindustan Times. American Express, for certain type of jobs, also invites walk-ins. After deciding when to hire and selecting differ ent profiles as per the job advertisement given, the company goes for recruitment. For the recruitment process American Express generally prefers face to face interview.Face to face interview is given preference because of the fact that American Express being a service firm needs to test a candidates personality , his/her body language as how the person carries himself/ herself and his attitude towards work and also how he/she interacts with people. Face to face interview besides acting as a platform for assessing an applicant on the above mentioned parameters also allows the company to check the information provided by the candidate. The decisions regarding entry level staffing depends upon the attrition level of the company at a particular period of time.The entry level staffing is done in the form of bulk hiring and contacts from employment agencies are also utilized for the same. Wherein the company sends the required qualifications along with the Requisition amount for the va cant positions and then these requirements are matched up with the unattached candidates profiles. American Express hires students from across Campuses of local colleges if they are invited for the same by that particular college for recruitment else they dont go for hiring in campuses by their own judgement.The interviews are usually held on Fridays, but as the need may be, sometimes they are conducted on Saturdays and Sundays as well. The dramatic play ups on weekend labour ranges from 300-350 for Non verbalise Requirements and 150-200 for Voice Requirements. For executive hiring American Express has tie ups with employment agencies wherein experienced people are searched for the Organization. Along with executive hiring American Express is into head hunting as one of its processes for executive hiring to have talented pool of people for the organization. American Express also prefers people from IITs & IIMs for filling up their executive positions.In case of executive hiring American Express generally sells its profile to have good resources for the organization. Once the selection mode is finalized then the series of face to face interviews gets started as the further steps of selection process. Executive hiring is process which requires time duration of 3-4 months at least. American Express is into Bulk Hiring for Voice physical process as well as Non-Voice Process. Apart from Bulk Hiring it is also into Executive Hiring. American Express follows a set process for conducting these various levels of interview.Since the number of turn ups for the Voice & Non-Voice Processes are largely high they avoid taking an initial HR Screening Process the reason behind this is lack of time. The Requisition Numbers that they get have a deadline that need to be met hence a HR Screening Process begins too time consuming so it is avoided in the cases of Bulk Hiring. American Express is very staunch when it comes to hiring any candidate per se. Hence they believe that a Face to Face Interview & interaction would be an ideal way to judge the candidate. The American Express has four Levels of Interview.First, Personal Introduction Round, where the candidate is required to give an elaborate insight into his educational Background, his agone Work Experience, a glimpse into his personality & the Attitudes and abilities he possesses. Next step is the Voice Assessment Test for Voice Process and the Written Test for the Non-Voice Process. Wherein the candidates are judged upon various parameters like, their Communication, Accent, Voice Modulation, Pronunciation, Vocabulary, Spelling, Grammer etc. The reason behind doing these tests is to find the right candidate for the right role i. e. f one would suit for a Voice or a Non-Voice Process. The third step is the Operational or the Technical Round.In this the candidate is assessed on the skills that they possess and that are crucial to meet that particular job requirements. The candidate is interviewed on his Technical competencies & abilities. Finally, they have something called the Offer Round. It is also called the Salary Negotiation Round. This round is all about the Compensation Discussion, a preaching between the HR Manager & the Candidate over the expected compensation & the industry set Compensation Level.Once this discussion comes to a pause a final compensation is decided and an offer is rolled out to the candidate. The Levels of Interview slightly differ in the case of Executive Hiring. The First step in Executive Hiring is matching the profile according to the Requisition Number. Here the one thing that we need to make a note of is the fact that, a pissed HR Screening Process is followed, where the HR Manager strictly follows an HR Screening Checklist, to check whether the candidate matches the requirement as has been mentioned in and by the Requisition Number and the Job Description.All the other levels and steps being the same the only difference lies in the fact tha t they do not take any Written Test or Voice Assessment Test. This Step is eliminated from the process of Executive Hiring. The reason being that, this level generally constitutes of Top Level vigilance Employees & Officials and their mode of operation differs from the base or Ground level Employees. Rest they go through the same levels and steps of the Interview Selection Process. American Express believes in On the Spot job offer for Bulk Hiring wherein once the interview process is completed the candidate is given an offer letter.Executive Hiring or Non Bulk Hiring Offer is rolled out in 2days. (Within which the Candidates Confirmation is required). When the company hires the candidates in bulk then the entire process of interviewing to offer takes around 2 days and after the completion all the selected candidates are offered a job-letter. To close each Requisition an Average of 2 months is required starting time from the process of selecting the forms, short-listing the candid ates then conducting group discussion and PI and finally closing up of interview takes around 2 months.Niche Skills and Top Level trade protection Profiles take approximately an average of 3-4months. The technical skills which are niche, uncommon and difficult in nature to find takes approximately around 3 months because in this the company looks for a specific quality which can be used for further growth and development of the organization. Profiles of Vanilla Skills take 2 months to close. The American Express conducts a thorough Criminal Background Check, education verification and work experience. All portions of the check are completed before the Employee can begin his/her employment with the Organization.These checks are often used by American Express as a means of objectively evaluating a job candidates qualifications, character, fitness, and to identify likely hiring risks for safety and security reasons. The Background check at American Express is also used to thoroughly investigate the Employees Background and past information in order to get a security clearance. So this background check is extremely crucial in American Express recruitment process. They give enormous importance in the same.If any of the above mentioned criteria doesnt match in this process or a failure to adhere to the background check norms could finally lead to the cancellation of the Candidates offer and Blacklisting of the candidate. Wherein the company cancels the application of the candidate or the candidates selection is being closed. Informations which are being create verbally in the resume has to be genuine and should be according to the actual background, experience of the candidate and basically those perfect information reflects the personality & the ability of the candidate.It is very easy for the candidate to prove or perform the same on the spot and simultaneously differentiate himself as the able candidate for the respective post. The American Express out sourc es its Background Check process to various firms. These are Syndicate firms which does the background check for its new hires in return for a pay amount. The On-Boarding Process begins when Candidate joins them for an informative firstday orientation where they learn the ins and outs of American Express history and culture.On-Boarding involves integrating and acculturating new employees into the organisation and providing them with the tools, resources, and knowledge to become successful and productive. It is a 2 day process. On boarding includes orientation collection of documents such as the Experience Certificate or Letter, Reference Letter, Educational Documents, Identification Proof etc. Orientation at American Express is a social function which serves as a familiarization programme provided to new employees. It stands as a getting to know us programme.So they give information about their policies and working culture means how to work with American Express. In this on boarding process the new joiners are also made to fill various forms such as the provident fund and gratuity. A Separate rearing Department with group or individual training in specified areas focused on carrying out assignments connected with related field they are working in which helps in improving the skills and knowledge of the employees. Special training is given to all the candidates from Campus Recruits to Bulk Hires to Executives who are recruited.This training focuses mainly on the rules and regulations the company follows and what all are the objectives the company has to achieve. The Training Methods or Forms of Training that American Express uses are vast. It comprises of Formal Training, for all employees whether they are new hires of existing employees. All and one have to undergo a formal training session in American Express. some other form of Training that American Express follows is Lectures and Classroom Trainings where in theEmployees obtain training in a traditional classroom environment as per their convenience and time. It provides the employees with an environment that includes a lab, an instructor, and a structured approach to teaching. Another mode of Training that it follows is Online Training. This method is generally used in case of training the Top Level Officials and Managers. American Express Values every hour of its Employees time especially when it is related to the Top management because they are involved with the major operations of the organization.So instead of disrespecting their time by calling them for a classroom session it looks for their convenience. They take up their training programs online which is quicker, simpler and convenient for them. The next form of Training method that they apply is Questionnaire. Where in the HR Manager floats a Questionnaire to it Employees / Trainees and they collect their responses and give them the feedback. An unusual method of training its employees but it tends to be more effective th an classroom sessions says Saumyajit K. Pal, HR Manager (MIS & Analytics), American Express.